Useful Links
Lesson Plan for "The Meers Fault:in Oklahoma"
by Teri Philley
Oklahoma Geological Survey
(Great map showing earthquake sites in Oklahoma)
I.
 Introduction to Lesson
A. P.A.S.S. Objectives
Language Arts:  The learner will
I.A.1. expand vocabulary through word study, the reading of literature, and  class discussion.
I.A.3. use synonyms, antonyms, homonyms, and multiple meaning words correctly.
I.B.1. read and comprehend both the fiction and nonfiction that is appropriately designed for the second half of grade four.
III.C. take notes to paraphrase or summarize information.
V.B.4. communicate through friendly and business letters, “thank you” notes, and invitations.
B. Teacher's purposes for the lesson:  To teach the students how to
  • take notes about an expository text selection that include important information about earthquakes in Oklahoma
  • be more critical readers who understand how to locate, organize, and evaluate information, given that memorizing facts and data is less important today but the amount of information readily available has increased dramatically 
  • compose a business letter to the Corps of Engineers asking about FEMA preparations for earthquakes in Oklahoma, including identifying and writing the five parts of a business letter in standard English (correct capitalization and punctuation)
  • use information to construct a model of an earthquake resistant building 
  • II.
    Objectives
    A. Given 23 vocabulary words related to earthquakes and inquiry charts, the learner will match all of the vocabulary words with their correct definitions by playing a board game and completing a crossword puzzle..
    B. After reviewing homonyms by choosing the correct forms of homonyms presented in the context of a passage on earthquakes in Oklahoma, the learner will identify three other homonyms in a second passage.
    C. Given a passage on earthquakes in Oklahoma, the learner will take notes using a graphic organizer, correctly identifying the who, what, when, where, why, and how of the passage.
    D. The learner will complete an inquiry chart regarding the nature and severity of earthquakes in Oklahoma.
    E. After reading a passage on earthquakes in Oklahoma and completing an inquire chart, the learner will write a business letter to Col. Leonardo V. Flor of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers asking for information about FEMA procedures in Oklahoma, using standard English and the correct format for a business letter.
    F. The learner will design a model of an earthquake resistant building and test it using a "shake table" and evaluate the success of the design by writing conclusions in his/her journal.
    III.
    Procedures
    A.  Materials
    1. A copy of "The Meers Fault: Earthquakes in Oklahoma" for each student
    2. A copy of “Earthquake Rattles Southern, Central Oklahoma” for each student
    3. A copy of “Homonyms in the Meers Fault Story” for each student
    4. A copy of the “Earthquake Glossary” for each student, accompanied by a copy of the Earthquake Board Game and a copy of the Earthquake Vocabulary Crossword Puzzle
    5. Copies of the following transparencies, transparency pens, overhead projector:
    "The Egg and the Earth" "The Earth's Crust"
    "Plates on the Move" "Inquiry Chart"
    “Earthquake Business Letter” "Be an Engineer"
    6. Materials for hands-on activities:  A hard-boiled egg and a plastic knife for each student; two large cardboard boxes covered with brown paper, two large black cardboard arrows attached to the boxes with velcro; twigs, sticks, or branches (enough for each student); a Slinky; building blocks; rope; a beach ball with continental plates drawn on it; several adolescent novels; several textbooks; paper; copies of directions for building a "shake tray" found at http://www.ktca.org/newtons/12/earthquk.html
    7. Research materials on earthquakes located at several stations around the classroom
    8. A copy of the Earthquake Note Taking Practice Page for each student
    9. A copy of the creative problem solving activity entitled "Be an Engineer"
    10. A copy of the Inquiry Chart for each student
    B. Anticipatory set
    1. Key vocabulary and concepts are contained in the Earthquake Glossary, which also includes some terms related to the Inquiry Chart.
    2. Method: Post pictures of the Wichita Mountains and earthquake damage around the room.  Write some of the words from the Earthquake Glossary and Inquiry Chart on sheets of colorful construction paper and post them around the room.  Post the agenda for today's class in a prominent location. 

    Show the students several adolescent novels.  Say, "What are these?" (Books)  "Why do you read an adolescent novel?" (To enjoy the story)  Now show the students various textbooks and research books.  Ask, "What are these?" (Textbooks)  "Why do you read textbooks?" (To get information)  Explain to the students that they need to understand both kinds of reading material:  narrative text (stories) and expository text (social studies, science, math, etc.).  "Learning the meanings of science words and learning how to take notes, conduct research, do science experiments, and write business letters will help you better understand the information in your textbooks." 

    3. Student purpose statement:  Say, "Today you are going to learn some strategies that will help you understand expository text. You will review the use of homonyms.  You will also learn about earthquakes in Oklahoma, conduct some science experiments, learn some new vocabulary words, practice effective note taking, and complete an inquiry chart.  You will also write a business letter asking for more information about earthquakes in Oklahoma and build a model of an earthquake resistant building."
    C. Lesson activities
    1. Input and Modeling: Ask the students, "Why it is a good idea to write down information when taking a message?" (to help us remember)  "This is why we take notes.  Notes help us to remember important information we have read or heard.  When we take notes about written material, sometimes there are headings, boldface type, or underlined words that should be included.  When taking notes about what you have heard, it is important to write down the main ideas, not every word you see or hear.  Today you are going to take notes about earthquakes in Oklahoma. Before you read the story and use the graphic organizer to take notes, I want you to review the vocabulary words you will see in the story and in the inquiry chart by playing a game." 

    Have the students divide into teams of two and play the Earthquakes in Oklahoma Board Game.  Here are the rules:  Issue two copies of of the glossary and two copies of the game board per student, along with a paper clip.  Have students cut one copy of the glossary apart by rows.  Then have students fold each word and definition row in half and tape it together so that the word appears on the front of the card and the definition on the back. Mix up the vocabulary words and definitions.  Have students use small pieces of paper as their markers.  Use the paper clip as a spinner by inserting the tip of a pencil through the paper clip into the center of the spinner and spinning the paper clip.  In order to play, the first player spins, but before s/he moves, s/he must either provide the correct definition or vocabulary word requested when s/he turns up the first card on the stack.  If the first player is correct, s/he is allowed to continue until a mistake is made.  Even if the player will obviously land in a "bad" spot, s/he must still recite the vocabulary word or definition and play out the turn.  The first player to the finish line wins the game. After completing the board game, the students will work in pairs to complete the  Earthquake Vocabulary Crossword Puzzle and the “Homonyms in the Meers Fault Story” Practice page. 

    Modeling: Say, "Today we are going to learn about earthquakes.  Many people do not believe that earthquakes can happen in Oklahoma."  Ask the students if any of them have ever been in an earthquake. Explain to the students what an earthquake is using building blocks.  Show the transparencies "The Egg and the Earth" and "The Earth's Crust", distribute the hard-boiled eggs, and talk about the layers of the earth. Display the beach ball and explain that the crust of the earth is cracked into pieces just like the eggshell.  The pieces are called plates.  There are three types of plate boundaries.  Show the transparency "Plates on the Move", then have the students help demonstrate each type of plate boundary using the boxes and arrows.  Explain that this movement of the plates causes strain when they bump and push.  When the strain is too great, energy is released as an earthquake.  Let the students snap twigs to demonstrate energy being released.  Explain that the shaking of the earthquake is caused by waves.  There are two types of waves, P-waves and S-waves.  Demonstrate each type of wave. 

    The team members will read "The Meers Fault: Earthquakes in Oklahoma" using the choral reading method. After each group has finished reading the story, show the example of the Inquiry Chart on a transparency. Describe each section of an Inquiry Chart and define/describe the vocabulary contained in the chart.  Explain the importance of organizing information when gathering answers to questions from different sources, and how Inquiry Charts are useful in organizing information in science, history, math, etc. Explain that students will conduct research related to earthquakes in Oklahoma, specifically the Meers Fault.  Allow students to select their research topics and begin seeking answers to their guiding questions at the research stations in the classroom. 

    2. Guided practice: Demonstrate how to use/ fill out an Inquiry Chart allowing the students to provide the information.  Demonstrate the parts of the business letter using the overhead transparency.
    3. Checking for understanding: Walk around the room to monitor students while they are working to make sure they understand what they are doing.  Ask students if they have any questions and facilitate as necessary.
    4. Culminating activities (independent practice):  Introduce FEMA and explain to the students that they will be writing for information about how FEMA has prepared for earthquakes in Oklahoma.  Show the students the different parts of a business letter (“Earthquake Business Letter”).  Explain to the students the purpose of each section of the business letter.   Stress to the students that capitalization and punctuation are important and that the completed letter must look professional. After the students have read the lesson material and completed the inquiry chart, they will write a business letter to the Corps of Engineers asking about preparations for earthquakes in Oklahoma. 
    5. Sponge activity:  Show the transparency "Be an Engineer."  Have the students design and build models of earthquake resistant buildings and use the "shake tray" to test the earthquake resistance of their models.
    IV.
    Closure
    A. Summary of what has been learned: Say, "Today you learned some strategies that will help you understand expository text.  You will also learned about earthquakes in Oklahoma, conducted some science experiments, learned some new vocabulary words, practiced effective note taking, and completed an inquiry chart.  You also wrote a business letter to FEMA asking for more information about earthquakes in Oklahoma."
    B. Transfer: Say, "Understanding expository text is a skill you will need throughout life.  You need to know how to do research effectively in every subject and in every grade.  Knowing how to take notes and write a business letter are important skills that will not only help you in school but later on the job. Asking the right  questions is a skill that is needed throughout life.  Using an Inquiry Chart can help you not only with assignments in school but with problem-solving activities on the job."
    C. Student evaluation and assessment:
    1. Did the learner match all of the vocabulary words with their correct definitions?
    2. Did the learner identify three examples of homonyms in the newspaper article on earthquakes in Oklahoma?
    3. Did the learner complete a herringbone note taking graphic organizer that correctly identified the who, what, when, where, why, and how of a on earthquakes in Oklahoma?
    4. Did the learner complete an inquiry chart regarding the nature and severity of earthquakes in Oklahoma?
    5. Did the learner write a business letter to Col. Leonardo V. Flor of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers asking for information about FEMA procedures in Oklahoma, using standard English and the correct format for a business letter?
    6. Did the learner design a model of an earthquake resistant building, test it using a "shake table", and evaluate the success of the design by writing conclusions in his/her journal?
    D. Teacher evaluation: Reflect on students' mastery of objectives (including re-teaching), teacher's personal response to the lesson, and changes that should be made before the lesson is taught again.
     

    Return to the Teaching Materials home page.