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I.
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Introduction
to Lesson |
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| A. |
P.A.S.S. Objectives
Language Arts: The
learner will
| I.A.1. |
expand
vocabulary through word study, the reading of literature, and class
discussion. |
| I.A.3. |
use synonyms, antonyms,
homonyms, and multiple meaning words correctly. |
| I.B.1. |
read and comprehend both
the fiction and nonfiction that is appropriately designed for the second
half of grade four. |
| III.C. |
take notes to paraphrase
or summarize information. |
| V.B.4. |
communicate through friendly
and business letters, “thank you” notes, and invitations. |
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| B. |
Teacher's purposes for the
lesson: To teach the students how to
take notes about an expository
text selection that include important information about earthquakes in
Oklahoma
be more critical readers who
understand how to locate, organize, and evaluate information, given that
memorizing facts and data is less important today but the amount of information
readily available has increased dramatically
compose a business letter to
the Corps of Engineers asking about FEMA preparations for earthquakes in
Oklahoma, including identifying and writing the five parts of a business
letter in standard English (correct capitalization and punctuation)
use information to construct
a model of an earthquake resistant building
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II.
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Objectives |
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| A. |
Given 23 vocabulary
words related to earthquakes and inquiry charts, the learner will match
all of the vocabulary words with their correct definitions by playing a
board game and completing a crossword puzzle.. |
| B. |
After reviewing homonyms
by choosing the correct forms of homonyms presented in the context of a
passage on earthquakes in Oklahoma, the learner will identify three other
homonyms in a second passage. |
| C. |
Given a passage on earthquakes
in Oklahoma, the learner will take notes using a graphic organizer, correctly
identifying the who, what, when, where, why, and how of the passage. |
| D. |
The learner will complete
an inquiry chart regarding the nature and severity of earthquakes in Oklahoma. |
| E. |
After reading a passage
on earthquakes in Oklahoma and completing an inquire chart, the learner
will write a business letter to Col. Leonardo V. Flor of the U.S. Army
Corps of Engineers asking for information about FEMA procedures in Oklahoma,
using standard English and the correct format for a business letter. |
| F. |
The learner will design
a model of an earthquake resistant building and test it using a "shake
table" and evaluate the success of the design by writing conclusions in
his/her journal. |
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III.
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Procedures |
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| A. |
Materials
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| B. |
Anticipatory set |
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| 1. |
Key vocabulary
and concepts are contained in the Earthquake
Glossary, which also includes some terms related to the Inquiry Chart. |
| 2. |
Method: Post pictures of
the Wichita Mountains and earthquake damage around the room. Write
some of the words from the Earthquake Glossary and Inquiry Chart on sheets
of colorful construction paper and post them around the room. Post
the agenda for today's class in a prominent location.
Show the students several
adolescent novels. Say, "What are these?" (Books) "Why do you
read an adolescent novel?" (To enjoy the story) Now show the students
various textbooks and research books. Ask, "What are these?" (Textbooks)
"Why do you read textbooks?" (To get information) Explain to the
students that they need to understand both kinds of reading material:
narrative text (stories) and expository text (social studies, science,
math, etc.). "Learning the meanings of science words and learning
how to take notes, conduct research, do science experiments, and write
business letters will help you better understand the information in your
textbooks." |
| 3. |
Student purpose statement:
Say, "Today you are going to learn some strategies that will help you understand
expository text. You will review the use of homonyms. You will also
learn about earthquakes in Oklahoma, conduct some science experiments,
learn some new vocabulary words, practice effective note taking, and complete
an inquiry chart. You will also write a business letter asking for
more information about earthquakes in Oklahoma and build a model of an
earthquake resistant building." |
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| C. |
Lesson activities |
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| 1. |
Input and Modeling:
Ask the students, "Why it is a good idea to write down information when
taking a message?" (to help us remember) "This is why we take notes.
Notes help us to remember important information we have read or heard.
When we take notes about written material, sometimes there are headings,
boldface type, or underlined words that should be included. When
taking notes about what you have heard, it is important to write down the
main ideas, not every word you see or hear. Today you are going to
take notes about earthquakes in Oklahoma. Before you read the story and
use the graphic organizer to take notes, I want you to review the vocabulary
words you will see in the story and in the inquiry chart by playing a game."
Have the students divide
into teams of two and play the Earthquakes
in Oklahoma Board Game. Here are the rules: Issue two copies
of of the glossary and two copies of the game board per student, along
with a paper clip. Have students cut one copy of the glossary apart
by rows. Then have students fold each word and definition row in
half and tape it together so that the word appears on the front of the
card and the definition on the back. Mix up the vocabulary words and definitions.
Have students use small pieces of paper as their markers. Use the
paper clip as a spinner by inserting the tip of a pencil through the paper
clip into the center of the spinner and spinning the paper clip.
In order to play, the first player spins, but before s/he moves, s/he must
either provide the correct definition or vocabulary word requested when
s/he turns up the first card on the stack. If the first player is
correct, s/he is allowed to continue until a mistake is made. Even
if the player will obviously land in a "bad" spot, s/he must still recite
the vocabulary word or definition and play out the turn. The first
player to the finish line wins the game. After completing the board game,
the students will work in pairs to complete the Earthquake
Vocabulary Crossword Puzzle and the “Homonyms
in the Meers Fault Story” Practice page.
Modeling: Say, "Today we
are going to learn about earthquakes. Many people do not believe
that earthquakes can happen in Oklahoma." Ask the students if any
of them have ever been in an earthquake. Explain to the students what an
earthquake is using building blocks. Show the transparencies "The
Egg and the Earth" and "The
Earth's Crust", distribute the hard-boiled eggs, and talk about the
layers of the earth. Display the beach ball and explain that the crust
of the earth is cracked into pieces just like the eggshell. The pieces
are called plates. There are three types of plate boundaries.
Show the transparency "Plates
on the Move", then have the students help demonstrate each type of
plate boundary using the boxes and arrows. Explain that this movement
of the plates causes strain when they bump and push. When the strain
is too great, energy is released as an earthquake. Let the students
snap twigs to demonstrate energy being released. Explain that the
shaking of the earthquake is caused by waves. There are two
types of waves, P-waves and S-waves. Demonstrate each
type of wave.
The team members will read
"The Meers Fault: Earthquakes in Oklahoma" using the choral reading method.
After each group has finished reading the story, show the example of the
Inquiry
Chart on a transparency. Describe each section of an Inquiry Chart
and define/describe the vocabulary contained in the chart. Explain
the importance of organizing information when gathering answers to questions
from different sources, and how Inquiry Charts are useful in organizing
information in science, history, math, etc. Explain that students will
conduct research related to earthquakes in Oklahoma, specifically the Meers
Fault. Allow students to select their research topics and begin seeking
answers to their guiding questions at the research stations in the classroom. |
| 2. |
Guided practice: Demonstrate
how to use/ fill out an Inquiry Chart allowing the students to provide
the information. Demonstrate the parts of the business letter using
the overhead transparency. |
| 3. |
Checking for understanding:
Walk around the room to monitor students while they are working to make
sure they understand what they are doing. Ask students if they have
any questions and facilitate as necessary. |
| 4. |
Culminating activities (independent
practice): Introduce FEMA and explain to the students that they will
be writing for information about how FEMA has prepared for earthquakes
in Oklahoma. Show the students the different parts of a business
letter (“Earthquake
Business Letter”). Explain to the students the purpose of each
section of the business letter. Stress to the students that
capitalization and punctuation are important and that the completed letter
must look professional. After the students have read the lesson material
and completed the inquiry chart, they will write a business letter to the
Corps of Engineers asking about preparations for earthquakes in Oklahoma. |
| 5. |
Sponge activity: Show
the transparency "Be
an Engineer." Have the students design and build models of earthquake
resistant buildings and use the "shake
tray" to test the earthquake resistance of their models. |
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IV.
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Closure |
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| A. |
Summary of what
has been learned: Say, "Today you learned some strategies that will help
you understand expository text. You will also learned about earthquakes
in Oklahoma, conducted some science experiments, learned some new vocabulary
words, practiced effective note taking, and completed an inquiry chart.
You also wrote a business letter to FEMA asking for more information about
earthquakes in Oklahoma." |
| B. |
Transfer: Say, "Understanding
expository text is a skill you will need throughout life. You need
to know how to do research effectively in every subject and in every grade.
Knowing how to take notes and write a business letter are important skills
that will not only help you in school but later on the job. Asking the
right questions is a skill that is needed throughout life.
Using an Inquiry Chart can help you not only with assignments in school
but with problem-solving activities on the job." |
| C. |
Student evaluation and assessment:
| 1. |
Did the learner
match all of the vocabulary words with their correct definitions? |
| 2. |
Did the learner identify
three examples of homonyms in the newspaper article on earthquakes in Oklahoma? |
| 3. |
Did the learner complete
a herringbone note taking graphic organizer that correctly identified the
who, what, when, where, why, and how of a on earthquakes in Oklahoma? |
| 4. |
Did the learner complete
an inquiry chart regarding the nature and severity of earthquakes in Oklahoma? |
| 5. |
Did the learner write a
business letter to Col. Leonardo V. Flor of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
asking for information about FEMA procedures in Oklahoma, using standard
English and the correct format for a business letter? |
| 6. |
Did the learner design a
model of an earthquake resistant building, test it using a "shake table",
and evaluate the success of the design by writing conclusions in his/her
journal? |
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| D. |
Teacher evaluation: Reflect
on students' mastery of objectives (including re-teaching), teacher's personal
response to the lesson, and changes that should be made before the lesson
is taught again. |
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